Uncompleted crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Uncompleted crime - Essay Example Article 105 of the Penal Law of New York contains the conspiracy of crime. There are various elements of conspiracy of crime in the historical statute of New York. First, the must be an agreement of persons in a contract to perform unlawful or illegal action. A conspiracy of crime is valid if different parties agree to carry out unlawful action. For example, in Mulcahy v R (1868) case, there was an evident of presence of an agreement between different persons. If the agreement is not present, the conspiracy of crime is invalid, and no conviction occur on the conspiracy. For example, in R v Thomson (1966), the charge failed due to lack of agreement between people to undertake unlawful action. Secondly, for the conspiracy case to be valid, the prosecution must give a clear evidence of the intention of various parties to join in the agreement for the purpose of carrying out a criminal activity. A case on conspiracy of crime can only be valid if there are clear intentions of parties involved either. Therefore, the conspiracy incorporates criminal liability according to the person’s intention. In the current Penal law, there are four main elements of conspiracy. To begin with, the actus Reus of conspiracy is present when an agreement by parties to carry out unlawful action is made. This means that, even if the planned action of the involved parties does not occur, parties are liable for committing conspiracy of crime (Gupta, 2013). The main purpose of their agreement must be clearly identified during the jurisdiction of the cases. The prosecution must highlight the main purpose of the agreement. If the purpose of the agreement is harmful to the public or cause fraud, the valid charge can be provided in the court of laws. In addition, conspiracy can also happen when there is unlawful purpose of the agreement, but the means applied in action is illegal (Harding, 1982). The overt act is greatly necessary in charging the conspiracy of crime. For

The Bill of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bill of Rights - Essay Example With this, these aspects are discussed and backed with evidence to strongly prove the existence of this document, as well as refute its use in some basis. The bill of rights traces its roots to the United States long before they were united with all the current member states, beginning with the state of Virginia. The first step towards the attainment of the bill of rights began with the gain of independence from Great Britain by American states, followed by seeking of an alliance between America and other foreign powers. This was followed by a third step, which involved the formation of a confederation between thirteen states, which set the base for the birth of the United States of America. As a result of this, there was need to give power to the governments formed in order for citizens to pay taxes in a bid to provide superior services to them as compared to the run down situation on the ground at that moment. This way, the states came up with Articles of Confederation with the goa l to improve services to their citizens, and at the same time cut down on the powers of the government (â€Å"History of the bill of rights†). ... These were the federalists called for ratification of Articles of confederation, while the Anti-federalists believed the inclusion of a bill of rights was the way to go in bringing power to the people and avoiding abuse of power by the government. This way, different states that came together ran their own ratification committees, which were passed in different states at different times. However, it later became known that some states were likely to bring about unjust laws thus there was a need for a bill of rights, which was passed by congress as the 14th amendment to the constitution, and was later adopted by the rest of the world (â€Å"History of the bill of rights†). The bill of rights is crucial on multiple levels, where it serves as a guideline for how citizens should behave towards one another and how their rights can and should be governed as well as how they can be denied. Consequently, it is important in that it allows for the citizens to feel free to engage in what ever religious activities they please, but with certain restrictions (Wood and James). The restrictions in this case apply to not infringing on other people’s rights in anyway if at all the religious rights are to be upheld for the citizens. This creates a fair ground for all to engage in worship without discrimination from other individuals or even the state and state governments. In addition it shows the presence of democracy in any given country as it shows the divisions of power and its distribution to the citizens as seen in the USA, and this serves as a moral high ground for the USA in pushing other countries to adopt the bill of rights to signify the presence of democracy and proper

Magazine Advertisement The Main Target Objective Marketing Essay

Magazine Advertisement The Main Target Objective Marketing Essay The main target objective for advertisement through flyer is to promote the product, which is the Fipper. The distribution of flyer is to give message to target consumers about the latest promotion which is with every 2 pairs purchase of Fipper slipper, buyer will able to get RM3 discount for the 2nd pair of Fipper slipper. This promotion is targeted to consumer within area of 50 selected flagship outlets all around Malaysia. During this advertising campaign, there will be 50,000 copies of promotion flyers will be distribute to these resident areas, which means there will be as much as 1000 copies of flyers distribute to each selected flagship outlets area. The flyer has stated that the discount promotion will be start on 1st May 2013 to 31st May 2013. That means the advertising will be run for 31 days constantly. The objective of having this promotion is to increase range of audience and attract more customers to go to the Fipper outlets. This promotion only generate small amount of profit but it is a good way to target customers which are going to give a first try on Fippers product. By delivering a great positive post-consume evaluation, this discount promotion enables Fipper to put up long-term relationship with its regular customers and having better opportunity getting market share from other competitors. Magazine Advertisement: The main target objective for advertisement through this advertising medium is to attract magazine readers to the products. This is also because magazines advertisement can last very well in long-term since a magazine can be use as long as it is useable unlike flyer. For this advertisement, there will be 3 different sizes of magazines advertisement to be used, which are full page size, half page size and quarter page size. The best magazine to insert the Fipper advertisement into the magazine page is SEVENTEEN magazine Malaysia. The reason is because Fipper is target from teenage to young adult consumer and should be advertise through magazines that target in the same age group. This advertisement will be scheduled in the duration of 5 months starting from May issue until September issue. A full page size of Fipper ads will be used for the May and June issue of SEVENTEEN magazine Malaysia, half page for July and August issue and quarter size for September issue. These 3 different siz es of ads will also be appear in different design and layout for each size but primarily will promote the Fipper latest product such as the Fipper Canvas. Advertisement will be designed according to teenagers and young adult personalities to have higher rate of readers or audiences. Newspaper Advertisement: The main target of newspaper advertisement is to give information about the Fipper sales promotion and promote one of the Fipper products, which is the Fipper Comfort. The price for 2 Fipper Comfort is RM51.80 but will have 10% discount during promotion period which make it only RM46.60. This promotion is recommended for consumers who are seeking for a extra softness and comfort for their feet. This promotion with the strategy of buy more for more discounts will persuade the consumers to buy more products of Fipper. This strategy enables Fipper to increase their sales in other products such as Fipper Classic and Fipper Slick. The lower profit of product does not affect the profit in overall sales with higher selling rate even there is a discount. New Straits Times Newspaper has been chosen in advertising Fippers promotion. The reason New Straits Times Newspaper has been chosen is because it is one of the highest readership among all the newspapers and it may be the most efficient medium ads for Fipper to promote its brand and deliver the message of the advertiser to its target consumers. The length of period for advertisement in New Straits Times Newspaper is 3 days in row corresponding towards the sales promotion by the Fipper. That means within the 3 days of promotion, the advertisement will be appear in New Straits Times Newspaper which will be on 16 May, 17 May and 18 May 2013. New Straits Times is the perfect newspaper to advertise the Fipper promotion because it is one of the highest readership media in Malaysia and also target for younger consumer such as young adult. This is also because since it only last for 3 days, daily newspaper should able to deliver the message because it is published daily rather than like mag azine which monthly. Billboard: The main target objective for advertisement through billboard is to promote and to give impact to road user about the Fipper product. The advertisement which published on billboard on the road side does not only include the messages of latest product of Fipper but it is also to remind the road user about the brand and grab attention of road user. Through the use of billboard advertisement, brand recognition among consumers will be increased. The great brand recognition of Fipper will reach the objectives of increasing sales and generating profits. Spectrum Outdoor Marketing has been selected in the billboard advertising company. This is because Spectrum Outdoor Marketing billboard advertising company is one of the most famous billboard suppliers in Malaysia and it has the biggest coverage on road side billboard along the South-East Highway. The advertisement duration for Fipper on billboard has been set to 3 months. The venue of the billboard will be placed at South-East Highway in Kuala Lumpur area because Kuala Lumpur is the most populated place in Malaysia and there is high number of road user go through Kuala Lumpur. Television Commercial (TVC): The main target advertising through TVC is to provide information about Fipper to mass audience and at the same time to persuade audience for the purchasing Fippers product. The use of TVC is the most effective way to reach to high population of mass audience and delivering the message in an interesting way which include of moving images, sound effects, music, and subtitle. Besides that, the background music and sound effects that being used in TVC will create an opportunity for Fipper to be recognized by audience. 8TV is selected by Fipper to advertise their TVC because most of the audiences of 8TV are from youngster and they are the demographically main target audience in the Fippers target segmentation. The advertisement on 8TV can be considered as the most efficient way to reach to the main target consumers for Fipper. The TVC scheduling for Fipper are set and to be advertised on 8TV in week days. Due to the high cost of TVC advertisement, the advertisement of Fipper will appear on 8TV for 3 days in a week. The advertisement will be last for 1 month, which is from 1st May 2013 until 31st May 2013. The time slots taken for Fipper would be in afternoon starting from 2pm until 4pm and in night from 7pm until 10pm. The frequency for the TVC will once for each session which will appear 2 times every day for 31 days. Web: The web will also be used as advertisement medium for Fipper product. The reason that web used for advertisement is because it can deliver the message to mass consumer than any other type of advertisement medium. It is also the best way to approach audience since the target consumer which age group is between 13 and 30 years old use internet very frequently nowadays. MSN Malaysia webpage will be used as advertisement site for the Fipper products because it is used by large amount of internet surfer. This method will able to deliver its advertisement message to target audience effectively. The time slot for this advertisement will be starting from the first week of May which is 1st May until 2nd week of May which is 14th May 2013. Therefore, it is a total of 14 days of advertisement execution. The advertisement will promote the benefit of Fipper products from other competitors and giving a positive way towards Fipper products from audiences perspective. This will show the uniqueness of Fipper and consumer able to differentiates it from other products brand.

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy I think being a teacher is one of the most interesting positions there are because you are able to see children grow and learn from day to day. You are able to help them reach understanding of curriculum that they had never heard of before. Also when you get tied up in all the stresses of life, children help you stay young mentally by their care free child world of play, laughter, and smiles. I love to be around children because they are full of life, comical, unpredictable, and help you to be more positive through life’s twists and turns. I desire to be a teacher so I can help children reach their highest potential and encourage them to keep reaching higher. I want to be able to teach children in an interesting, fun, and progressive way. I plan to be a teacher of eclecticism because I feel in order to help children be well rounded individuals we need to give them a well rounded education, that is one structured with various activities. First, I want to teach from some aspects of the progressivism style which focuses on respect for individuality, high regard for science, and learning from experience. I want to teach the children in my classroom to have respect for each other. This is a quality that will help them to be successful in society because if they respect others, then others will have respect for them. Having respect for others also shows that they have respect for themselves. I also want children to learn by hands-on activities. I will direct them from step to step and demonstrate how to do each step in the activities they perform. These activities make learning more interesting for the children because the children are able to get involved instead of just always watching the teacher do everything. Speaking of the children getting involved, they can really get involved when learning in a different atmosphere when on field trips. I feel taking children on field trips is an effective learning experience for them because it allows children to get out of the classroom setting and learn from a different perspective. In addition I want to focus on sciences because they are an important area in the knowledge of children. I think this growing area of our society should be focused on thoroughly because science advances and improves everyday and I feel children should be aware of their changing world.

Posienden vs Athena

Athens, one of the chief city-states of all of ancient Greece, was a city greatly desired by two powerful deities: Athena and Poseidon. The myth that shows how this dispute was settled is depicted in many ways. This story can vary depending on which depiction is being observed. There are slight discrepancies between the Greek version of this myth, the Roman version, and the sculpture shown on the Parthenon in Athens. With close scrutiny of this myth, it is clear that culture, time period, and genre all are reasons for this myths disparity.This myth starts with a king named Crecrops, who is half man and half snake. He is the king of a flourishing unnamed city state in need of a patron god. He turns to Poseidon and Athena who both want to be the patron deity of this thriving city. Quickly a conflict arises between these two powerful gods. The first discrepancy between the Greek version of this myth (Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3 14. 1) and the Roman version of this myth (Ovid, Metamorphos es 6. 70) is that when Athena and Poseidon are about to go to war over this conflict these two myths have a different deity suggesting an alternative course of action.In the earlier Greek depictions of this myth Athena decides to hold a contest of who can contribute most to King Crecrops and his city-state. After they had given their gifts (an olive tree from Athena and a salt water spring from Poseidon; Poseidon’s spring that he created also serves as an aetion of how a specific river was created near Athens. The river or spring is named Erektheis) the king would decide the victor: the patron deity of his state. In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, it is Jove who decides to hold a contest, and the judges of the contest are Olympian gods and goddesses.One reason for this difference is that the learned Ovid is giving as much respect to Jove as he can. He was being very wary not to disrespect Jove in anyway, for he did not want to end up like Prometheus. â€Å"†¦With his limbs bound upon the hard rocks by galling fetters of bronze, Prometheus fed with his liver an eagle that ever rushed back to its prey. † (Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 2. 1245-1247). This is a very common principle that came about more in the Roman era. In earlier Greek times, often times heroes would counteract their positive deeds by having hubris or excessive pride.The idea of hubris is clearly shown many times in Homer’s Odyssey. A prime example of this is when Odysseus is escaping from the island that Polyphemus is on and he shouts back at him, bragging in a way, and ends up almost getting hit by a boulder thrown by Polyphemus and facing the wrath of Poseidon as his journey continues. On the sculpture on the west pediment of the Parthenon, Jove isn’t depicted at all. Some may say that this is an act of disrespect, but that is simply false. The Parthenon does show Jove in a sculpture of the birth of Athena on the east pediment of the building, which is actually the front of the building.The fact is that the Parthenon was built to honor Athens’ patron goddess: Athena. The west pediment of the building is an aetion for how Athens got its name: Athena named it after herself after winning the contest. The sculpture, which was created long after this original myth was told, does not show the spring that Poseidon created most likely because sculpting that on the top of the Parthenon would be a very challenging task. Because of this, the sculpture looks more of a battle than a contest.Another reason why a â€Å"battle† theme can be felt through this sculpture is because the Parthenon was built somewhere in between 447 and 438 B. C. E. The Parthenon embodied the triumph of the Greeks, especially the Athenians, over the Persians who had destroyed the acropolis earlier in 480 B. C. E. The time period in which a certain myth is written or a sculpture sculpted in can tell us a great deal about the themes behind each respective work. As written works are passed down through the ages, each time period will interpret the document in a different way, relating to their own lives and culture.Poseidon takes losing the contest very harshly and acts drastically. In the Greek depiction of the contest between Athena and Poseidon, Poseidon, after coming up short in the competition, floods the Thriasian plain and drowns Attica under his salty sea in a fit of rage. â€Å"Athena created the olive tree, and the two divinities disputed, until the gods assigned Attica to Athena. Poseidon, indignant at this, caused the country to be inundated. † (Herod. viii. 55; Apollod. iii. 14.  § 1 ; Paus. i. 24.  § 3, &c. ; Hygin. Fab. 164. In a different translation of the story, not only does Poseidon flood Attica, but he also puts a curse on the city so that it will be forever be in a drought after the flood. This, coming from a later Roman text, can be considered an etiology. It is not hard to believe that Attica, during a certai n time period, had a drought. They used the aetion of Neptune cursing them for eternal drought to explain why this all was happening. Earlier time periods probably did not have problems with water so the aetion was not needed. They did not need to explain why they had water because it was a natural occurrence.The genres of these works also have a great influence on how they are perceived. Ovid writes in a completely different genre then earlier writers such as Hesiod. Ovid’s Metamorphoses poke fun at, in a way, of epic poems. There is more of a sense of humor in Ovid’s works then that of Hesiod. The later depictions of this contest between Minerva and Neptune are slightly wittier then their earlier counterparts. Ovid, being the learned poet that he was, was sure to still have the ultimate level of respect for both of these gods; however, his other works such as Pygmalion (Ovid's Metamorphoses, 10).Ovid knew when it was acceptable to be witty in his writings, and when t he utmost respect was required. Popular genre often shows the general moral of a group at a certain time. The sculpture of Minerva and Neptune seemingly showing battle ready gods was not a mistake. Greece and Athens especially, was celebrating an enormous victory over Persia. The Parthenon was built to honor Athena who contributed a great deal too Athenian triumphs. This sculpture could have been portrayed in a million different ways based on the sculptors’ mood, which was popular genre at that time.Over changes in culture, time, and genre different aspects of different myths are subject to change. However, just because many myths vary does not mean that these myths have nothing in common. In fact, many different myths, Roman and Greek, have the same underling principles: principles that are sometimes over looked. It is obvious that Roman and Greek myths both honor gods and they both have the same aspects about the underworld, but what often times goes unrealized is that each myth regarding a particular god or goddess is connected.As shown in the myth previously discussed, Athena and Poseidon were not playing for the same team so to speak. The tension between them is present in other works; however, it may sometimes be overlooked. One example of this tension is shown in Homer’s Odyssey. Odysseus, who is a Greek hero from the Trojan War, is a very cunning warrior much like Athena. She favors him and tries to help him in any way she can. Poseidon, on the other hand, despises Odysseus for blinding Polyphemus, and does all in his power to hinder Odysseus in his journey home. The journey back to his home town Ithaca takes Odysseus ten years.After battling with monsters like Scylla and Charybdis, Odysseus finally returns home to find his kingdom in ruin. Athena is there to provide advice and assist him in the establishment of order back in his home town. Each myth is different in its own way and has something to contribute. Everything about a myth from its genre to the time it was written conveys differences about the culture of the people who created it. The disparities in Ovid’s description of the contest between Minerva and Neptune and the accounts from Apollodorus, Bibliotheca show a great difference in culture, time periods, and genre.The sculpture on the Parthenon again communicates something different all together. With close scrutiny of the different aspects of a myth, it is unbelievable what can be discovered. There are unknown aetions waiting to be uncovered. Undiscovered connections between ancient heroes and gods ready to be made known. It is essential to dive into these myths and discover everything they have to tell us. Bibliography Frazer, J. G.. â€Å"NOTES ON BOOK 3 OF THE LIBRARY OF APOLLODORUS. † http://www. theoi. com. Theoi E-Texts Library Copyright  © 2000 – 2011, Aaron Atsma. Web. 17 Oct 2012. lt;http://www. theoi. com/Text/Ap3d. html;. Morford, Mark P. O. , Robert J. Lenardon, and Mi cheal Sham. Classical Mythology. Ninth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press Inc. , 2011. 177-180. Print. Anonymous, . â€Å"ATHENA MYTHS 1 . † http://www. theoi. com. Theoi Project Copyright  © 2000 – 2011, Aaron J. Atsma, New Zealand. Web. 17 Oct 2012. ;http://www. theoi. com/Olympios/AthenaMyths. html Anonymous, . â€Å"Mythagora Home Page. † www. Mythagora. com. Copyright 2012- All rights reserved. Web. 17 Oct 2012. ;http://www. mythagora. com/bios/prometheus. html;.

Police Brutality Essay

United States police play a very important role in the lives of U.S. citizens today. Their duty is to serve and protect us from harm, but often times this may not be the case. Americans are made to believe that these officers will serve and protect us, when in all reality police are more interested in enforcing the law and making arrests. The police often overstep their authority and begin acting as if they are above the law. Police brutality has become an ongoing topic amongst American citizens for quite some time now. Police often use excessive force physically, which often times results in death or severe injury to citizens. Police have been violating the human right of peaceful assembly, and have often times let race become a main factor in which the officer will use in engaging in enforcement. The use of wearable cameras can help eliminate the injustice, or at least the officers whom continue the violence. When Americans think of police the first thing that often times comes to mind is fear. The police are supposed to protect and serve, but are more likely just to over enforce the law and make as many arrests as they can. Many officers also use racial profiling against people, this is demonstrated in some of the most recent white cop/ black man shootings. Black males ages 15 to 19 died at the hands of police at a rate 21 times the rate of white males of the same age. (Lott Jr., 2014) Some people may argue that police don’t use racial profiling because the rate of crime is higher in black men. Among blacks, teenage crime is much more of a problem. Black male teenagers were nine times more likely to commit murders than similarly aged white males, not two to three times as likely. (Lott Jr., 2014) Police officers will shoot an unarmed suspect, and or disable the suspect by using a taser gun. On September 14, 2013, Jonathan A. Ferrell was shot and killed by North Carolina police off icer Randall Kerrick after a wreck in Charlotte, N.C.  Ferrell was unarmed. Police said Kerrick was charged with voluntary manslaughter. (AP/Florida A&M University) That night Jonathan Ferrell knocked on the door of a woman after he was allegedly involved in a car accident. The woman called the police and made a report, the police who were responding to the call found Ferrell nearby. The report stated that Ferrell ran towards the officers, who tried to stop him with a taser. The police then stated that Ferrell continues to run toward them, when officer Randall Kerrick fired his gun, hitting Ferrell several times. Ferrell died at the scene. A police statement Saturday said the investigation showed the shooting was excessive and â€Å"Kerrick did not have a lawful right to discharge his weapon during this encounter.† (Press, 2013) With the rise of police brutality and fatality of U.S. citizens Americans are protesting against this violence. People have a right to assemble together to promote and protect human rights through peaceful protest or the expression of their views. States have a responsibility to ensure that people are able to demonstrate peacefully and express their views without facing threats, intimidation or violence. (Humanrightshouse.org, 2014) In some states, police officers are becoming introduced to new technology to help record the interaction between the officer and the suspects. A wearable camera is worn on the front of an officer and not only records video, but also audio. This will help properly document what happens during conversation, contact and situations that may involve weapons. It is currently unknown how many police departments are actually using this camera on a regular basis, but this technology is being considered to become used in a way to perhaps alter the course of events in places such as Ferguson, Mo., where an officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager. (Mims, 2014) So far the use of this technology has proved to be effective according to Mims, In the first year the use of force by officers declined 60%, and citizen complaints against police fell 88%. (Mims, 2014) Although there are cons concerning this technology including the price of not only the device but that of the storage to be used to store the footage captured. The current price of a device can vary from $300 to $400 dollars, not including the storage and management of the generated data. These are all reasons that Michael White, a professor of criminology at Arizona State University, says  the cameras, now a curiosity, could soon be ubiquitous. It has happened before: Taser’s guns went from introduction to use by more than two-thirds of America’s 18,000 police departments in about a decade. â€Å"It could be as little as 10 years until we see most police wearing these,† (Mims, 2014) In conclusion, something needs to be done to protect citizens. Strengthening the policies and using less lethal force weapons, along with proper documentation and proof of what really happens at the crime scene will greatly reduce the number of complaints filed against police. By police being required to wear a wearibal camera/audio device the percents of brutality has already reduced. Police are here to serve and protect us and it is about time they step up and do just that. Police are not above the law, they need to suffer more consequences for their actions, then maybe the brutality will stop. References Humanrightshouse.org, (2014). Human Rights House Network  » HRHN  » Why?  » The right to peaceful assembly. [Online] Available at: http://humanrightshouse.org/HRHN/Why_/The_right_to_peaceful_assembly/index.html [Accessed 27 Oct. 2014]. Lott Jr., J. (2014). The truth about young black men and police shootings. [Online] Fox News. Available at: http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2014/10/22/truth-about-young-black-men-and-police-shootings/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2014]. Mims, C. (2014). What Happens When Police Officers Wear Body Cameras. [Online] WSJ. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/articles/what-happens-when-police-officers-wear-body-cameras-1408320244 [Accessed 27 Oct. 2014]. Press, A. (2013). North Carolina police officer charged with shooting unarmed man. [Online] Fox News. Available at: http://www.foxnews.com/us/2013/09/16/north-carolina-police-officer-charged-with-shooting-unarmed-man/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2014].