Social Security Program Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Government managed savings Program Issues - Research Paper Example Governments, especially in the created nations, are spending enormous measure of assets on the standardized savings programs offered to their residents (Gruber and Wise). These government managed savings programs give wellbeing offices, pay support if there should be an occurrence of joblessness, instruction offices to the posterity and now and again, unique endowments and rewards during national celebrations and so forth. The offices are for the most part offered to the jobless, truly crippled because of mishaps and so forth and senior residents who have resigned from their employments. History: Human creatures have consistently confronted financial vulnerabilities activated by war, disaster, starvation, physical handicap and mature age. Various customs have been created by people since old occasions to manage the effect of such monetary unrest. The most widely recognized and clear is the loading of food and assets during the times of exceptional returns so they can be used later wh en required. The proof of capacity of grain can be found from the archeological revelations about Mesopotamian, Egyptian and Indus Valley Civilizations. The Greeks used to stock olive oil which could later be utilized as a food in intense occasions and as a cash too to purchase different products in return of the oil. Generally, servitude between families has existed that respects the senior individuals from the family. It puts duty on the more youthful, increasingly enthusiastic individuals to deal with the necessities of the individuals who are in their declining years. Also, the idea of good cause has existed in people since times obscure and in reality is a piece of human instinct. The foundations of noble cause as we probably am aware them today (medical clinics, mature age homes and so on.) have likewise existed since the later times of Roman realms and the Islamic domains of Arabia and Egypt. The rich and wealthy portions of society offer money related help for food, wellbein g and safe house for the poor particularly the old or handicapped. This type of government managed savings assumes a significant job even today in the majority of the created and immature nations. Consequently, the customary methods for government managed savings are the idea of noble cause, the family structure, and the capacity assets for sometime later (US Social Security Administration). The first historically speaking appearance of formal establishments with the target of giving standardized savings to its individuals were the worker's organizations or societies that showed up in the medieval occasions. The fundamental target of these associations was to improve the state of work through ability advancement and profitability upgrade (Stephen). Nonetheless, by time these societies formed into associations that offered money related help to its older or jobless individuals in a tough situation. These social orders took progressively formal structure in the USA with appropriate ti tles, for example, Freemasons, Fraternal Order of Eagles and so on (US Social Security Administration). As the law based governments turned out to be all the more remarkable in the humanized world, new projects for open government assistance discovered their way in to the administration approaches. The purported ‘Poor Laws’ proclaimed in England are the main record of enactment which takes after the government disability program as we probably am aware it today (Sutherland). These laws expressed that it was state’s obligation to think about the prosperity of its residents. They additionally put forward a tax assessment instrument to offer money related help for a government assistance program and furthermore characterized the qualification models for the recipients of this program. In spite of the fact that

Historical and Geographical Dynamics That Had Shaped China by the End of World War II

Chronicled and Geographical Dynamics That Had Shaped China before the End of World War II Presentation Development is exceptionally cherished on the planet since it demonstrates significant changes that occur inside a given timeframe. It is a key segment to a country’s financial, social, and political status. In China, the term advancement came into utilization after a harsh period when the European pilgrim powers had taken pre-distinction in most different states, along these lines controlling the monetary, political, just as social viewpoints. The apocalypse War II was made conceivable by the commencement of the alleged advancement forms in the countries that had been engaged with the quick wars, i.e., the usage of approaches that would assist with completion wars just as those which could forestall the event of other comparable wars. Notwithstanding, the improvement was conceivable in light of the nearness of certain recorded and topographical powers that undeniably formed numerous countries toward the apocalypse wars. Chronicled forms are those that can charact erize why certain domains/regions declined or slanted, the monetary, political and social procedures that occurred at a specific opportunity to cause change, just as the significance of certain people who assumed significant jobs in the development.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Historical and Geographical Dynamics That Had Shaped China before the End of World War II explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Geographical elements speak to the parts of the human environmental factors that primarily rely upon time, which are impacted by individuals in their exercises. What's more, they influence a similar individuals who impact them in one manner or the other. In china, there happened various procedures ever, which made it fall during the universal wars; however a straightforward change in similar procedures caused significant advancements in all viewpoints (Zhang, 197). The accompanying paper is composed with a goal of exploring into the procedures in history and geology that drove in the forming of the nation after the World War II. Furthermore, it tries to set up the commitment of these authentic and land elements in arranging the stage for improvement. For a compact comprehension of the idea of hypothesis and improvement, it is likewise critical to contemplate the procedure into which China was consolidated into the worldwide economy during the period when the colonialists attacked and involved different domains, just as in the primary portion of the twentieth century. Increasingly finished, it is considered urgent to set up the gatherings that practiced monetary and political strength during the frontier time frame just as the impact they had on the conservative and political angles. At last, it will give a knowledge of the sort of connections that existed between unmistakable gatherings and classes that were available during the pioneer time frame just as the commitments of the connections assisted with reshaping the mone tary, social and political viewpoints in china (Zhang, 142). Authentic and geological elements that molded China before the finish of World War II The chronicled and land parts of a nation are extremely critical in each type of improvement. The universal wars took huge ways that destroyed each sort of political, social, and monetary association of China. The advancement procedure therefore required the execution of very new procedures and strategies that would thoroughly change the period of the nation. China, having been an advancement cognizant nation even before the war decades was set to reestablish each financial, social, and political structure so as to make space for change and at last form into an incredible state. Advancement was along these lines formed by the transaction of various political, social, and financial powers that were in bounty at the hour of expansionism just as during the period when the world war two was finishing (Riskin, 14).Advertising Looking for artic le on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The social powers at play during the provincial time frame and toward the apocalypse War II impacted the country’s advancement. Some time before the universal war, China’s social framework was set apart by a sort of a slave society, with classes of individuals depending n the financial and political status. There were those alluded to as the amazing elites, white collar class and low class, who generally were captives to the ones in power. Relations were very poor between the subordinate and ground-breaking gatherings and the white collar class. People with significant influence were in control of the monetary property, while there existed a class of individuals who were property less, along these lines inclining toward the ground-breaking for straightforward employments to a state of some turning out to be slaves. The frontier time frame was likewise set apart by an infringement of culture among the individuals where the colonialists attempted to impart their own way of life to the indigenous individuals (Zhang, 166). The financial powers were for the most part represented by uncontrolled private enterprise. The ground-breaking and the subordinate individuals possessed a ton of property while the working class individuals claimed next to no to practically nothing. Also, property was possessed secretly and chiefly constrained by the business people; subsequently, dominion angles had taken pre-distinction. The activity depended on a market economy that is free, where no administration control was in activity yet business people controlling it in all manners just as people with great influence particularly the colonialists. All including the budgetary establishments had a place with the business people, and no guidelines set up for the control of the economy. There was also no defined limit with regards to what degree the colonialists/radicals co uld control the land; however it was up to them since the indigenous government and its kin had been mistreated to a degree of giving up everything. Despite the fact that the economy was controlled, the Chinese government just as the residents was not as quiet since the universal war happened because of obstruction so as to clear path for improvement (Riskin, 14). The political powers that represented the nation impacted the Chinese employment and government. The indigenous political set up and structure was not, at this point practical due to imperialists’ intrusion at move in the direction of the twentieth century. A chosen parliament on brought together premise was administered chiefly by business people, overlooking the absolutism thought. Overall testimonial had become an uncommon resource, however the majority rules system dependent on private enterprise might be reached out to the whole populace. Different techniques were utilized by industrialists to control governmen t acts in all manners, along these lines disregarding the country’s majority rules system in all angles (Howarth, 236).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Historical and Geographical Dynamics That Had Shaped China before the End of World War II explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contributions of the elements in setting the stage commitment with Development The thus talked about powers helped in making way for advancement in China toward the finish of World War II. The social disintegration that had existed made attention to the indigenous individuals that harmony and solidarity was urgent being developed. It had been trying in the way that social classes existed, yet this at long last became quality since before the finish of World War II, the Chinese individuals found the force in solidarity of a people, grasped communism, and dissolved a class framework to get one. Unity empowered them to set up strategies that assisted with interceding in the frontier rule and cultivated improvement in all manners (Hershatter, 128). Furthermore, the political elements where business people were in charge of the legislature had effectively a set up framework, which made it feasible for the intercession strategies to work best. The solidarity through communism empowered the Chinese individuals to catch the legislature during the World War II and utilized the equivalent to advocate for advancement before setting up another. It was anything but difficult to overcome the colonialists, start their own procedures, and use them for advancement that couldn't be effectively destroyed by the colonialists. Progressively finished, on the acknowledgment that it was conceivable to grow together, all the social classes canceled and this made a feeling of having a place with all in the land. The incredible who had initially possessed huge property understood the significance of sharing, along these lines advancement moved in the direction of destr oying the possibility of private proprietorship, to clear route for mutual responsibility for. At first, workers were paid poor wages yet this made it feasible for them to partake in the improvement procedure to guarantee the finish of mistreatment. It was additionally feasible for improvement in the market economy where it was not, at this point free, however in charge of the administration. The social, practical and the political set up during the subsequent universal war was critical in the recognizable proof of the flourishing shortcomings at that point, and made space for amendment. Absence of the powers would have thwarted improvement in that it would not have been conceivable to distinguish the shortcomings, which went about as the reason for advancement (Hershatter, 133) Integration into the world economy during the frontier time frame, and up through the main portion of the twentieth century The pilgrim time frame was extremely vital for the nation, since it was workable fo r the nation to be incorporated on the planet economy, however it had negative impacts (Glass, 2).Advertising Searching for exposition on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The country’s regular assets turned into an instrument for improvement as they all anticipated adventure them for their financial development and joining into the world economy. The Chinese individuals are constantly dedicated to the best outcomes, and simultaneously, the land has various exploitable assets that are of

Diploma in leadership and management In Health Essay

Dementia is brought about by harm in the mind, and is portrayed by memory misfortune and troubles with intuition, critical thinking, development co-appointment or language. It can likewise make an individual become disorientated in existence and to encounter mental trips, a decrease in relational abilities and character changes. These manifestations likewise make it hard for individuals withâ dementia to learn new things and hold recently obtained data. The most widely recognized reason for dementia is Alzheimer’s malady, which is dynamic. Proteins develop in the mind, framing â€Å"plaques† or â€Å"tangles†. These reason the loss of associations among cells, and in the end nerve cells bite the dust and mind tissue is lost. Individuals with Alzheimer’s malady likewise need more synapses, which are synthetic compounds used to transmit messages. Vascular dementia is brought about by a scope of ailment of the blood gracefully to the cerebrum. Atherosclerosis is when greasy stores develop in vein dividers. This makes them solidify and slender, diminishing blood stream to the mind. At the point when synapses don't get the oxygen and supplements they need, they begin to kick the bucket. Pick’s ailment or frontotemporal dementia is brought about by nerve cells in the frontal or potentially worldly flaps passing on. The associations between these cells change, and there is lost synapses. After some time, the frontal as well as worldly flaps contract. Lewy bodies are little round protein structures in the nerve cells of the cerebrum. The reason for these or how they cause dementia is obscure. There is additionally lost synapses, and after some time, the nerve cells logically bite the dust and mind tissue is lost. Individuals with dementia experience various sorts of memory weakness. A decrease in memory implies that individuals will frequently battle to review ongoing occasions or overlook messages, courses or names. They may rehash themselves or pose similar inquiries more than once. They may overlook how to get things done, for example, how to utilize cutlery, tie shoelaces, get dressed or play chess. Troubles finding the correct word, or understanding the importance of words, can influence correspondence. Losing the capacity to peruse or to decipher signs, just as the individual being not able to comprehend what others are stating can bigly affect correspondence. Losing perusing and composing aptitudes impacts on speaking with others, yet can likewise prompt disarray. Individuals with dementia may no longer comprehend the typical progression of discussion and might hinder or overlook individuals. Changes in conduct are normal in individuals with dementia. They may rehash an action again and again, pace all over, or chase after individuals. Now and again individuals with dementia can yell, shout, or become genuinely forceful. They can get fretful and may wake up during the night. A need ofâ inhibition can imply that someone with dementia may disrobe improperly, be discourteous or show unseemly sexual conduct. Individuals with dementia may stow away and lose their assets. They may be likewise dubious of others, feeling that someone has taken an article they have lost, for instance. Individuals with dementia can battle with mental procedures, for example, thinking. This can prompt disarray and trouble with numerous regular errands. Being not able to weigh up the entirety of the realities to settle on a reasonable choice can hugy affect a person’s life. Numerous individuals with dementia will lose aptitudes which they used to have, regardless of whether this be playing an instrument, driving or designing. Capacities of individuals with dementia can change everyday. For instance, they may have the option to perceive a relative a few days, yet not others. Now and again they may have the option to compose, though different days they may not. Dementia can influence the zones of the cerebrum liable for parity and development, causing development challenges. Individuals with dementia may walk all the more gradually, be just ready to stroll for short separations, or battle to get up from seats. They may require backing to walk, or utilize a stick or a wheelchair. Individuals with dementia may think that its hard to stroll outside or on lopsided surfaces and might be frightful of steps or reluctant while strolling through entryways. Upgrades including contact, light, warmth and sound waves are contribution through the tangible organs. This data is encoded into our memory framework by the cerebrum. Data can be encoded as far as what a printed word resembles, what a word seems like, or what the word implies. This data at that point must be kept up. This is thought to occur in working memory (when data is put away for a limit of 20 seconds) by electrical signs going through neurons in a circle. The hippocampus and the frontal cortex channel the data and choose if it will be put away in long haul memory. Assuming this is the case, it is believed to be put away in certain proteins. The data is put away in various pieces of the mind, however we don't know precisely how this functions. To review a memory, the data must be recovered. This isâ triggered by a recovery sign. The mind recreates the memory, assembling what may have occurred by recovering the data that the cerebrum put away and could review. Recollections can be recreated erroneously, and this can be impacted by the recovery signal, (for example, a main inquiry). In individuals with dementia, the hippocampus might be harmed. This can make it significantly more hard for the individual to learn new data or to shape new recollections. The individual probably won't recollect what they did before on that day, or they may overlook what they have said minutes prior, making them rehash themselves. The hippocampus is utilized when recollections are recovered, especially recollections which were framed all the more as of late. This is the reason numerous individuals with dementia despite everything have their beloved recollections yet can't recall what they have done that day. At the point when harm spreads through the cerebrum, for example, in individuals with Alzheimer’s malady, more territories in the mind become influenced. The mind gradually shrivels and prior recollections are lost. The left half of the globe is answerable for semantic memory (the significance of words) and language, so when it is harmed, the individual may battle to locate the correct words. The worldly projections coordinate visual contribution with recollections of past encounters, so when this is harmed, the individual may battle to perceive natural faces and articles. In some cases, an individual with Alzheimer’s malady may know who the recognizable individual is once they hear their voice, since hearing pathways are independent. At the point when a person’s right parietal projection is harmed, they may battle to pass judgment on separations, causing issues with exploring steps, for instance. The harm can spread to the frontal flaps, causing someone with Alzheimer’s illness to battle with arranging, association and dynamic. This may incorporate issues with assignments, for example, following another formula. In individuals with Alzheimer’s infection, numerous capacities are not lost, particularly abilities took in quite a while prior. Abilities, for example, playing an instrument rely upon procedural recollections, which are put away profound inside the mind. These abilities are frequently kept up for quite a while in individuals with Alzheimer’s ailment. Individuals with vascular dementia show a more extensive scope of side effects than different kinds of dementia. At times a stroke can cause vascular dementia, if theâ blood gracefully to the mind is unexpectedly cut off and an enormous region of tissue on one side of the cerebrum passes on. The individual may battle with arranging, concentrating, thinking, or with their memory. They may likewise have issues with discourse or vision, or have shortcoming on one side of the body. A few smaller than normal strokes can likewise prompt vascular dementia, every one causing a little fix of cerebrum tissue in the cortex to kick the bucket. The side effects rely upon where the tissue is lost. On the off chance that this is in the hippocampus, the individual may have issues with their rambling memory (individual recollections of explicit occasions). Harm in the frontal flap can cause troubles with official capacity (critical thinking, defining objectives, deciding, and following groupings to finish undertakings). This may mean the individual battles to make cheddar on toast, for instance, since they can't sort out what they have to do. Vascular dementia can likewise follow a few small scale strokes after some time. Every short stroke makes a little fix of dead mind tissue, called an infarct, in the cortex. Early manifestations can be unmistakable to where the tissue is lost. For instance, issues with long winded memory can be brought about by an infarct in the hippocampus, and issues with official capacity can be brought about by an infarct in the frontal flap. At the point when an individual has frontotemporal dementia, their fleeting as well as frontal flaps shrivel. Harm to explicit territories causes various issues. The individual may get pulled back and lose inspiration, or they may lose their restraints. This could make them take their garments off improperly, or offer wrong remarks. At the point when the frontal flaps are harmed, the individual may rehash themselves continually. Individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies have less shrinkage of the cerebrum than individuals with Alzheimer’s illness or frontotemporal dementia. The Lewy bodies structure in the cerebral cortex, cerebrum stem and limbic framework. Basic early indications are issues with consideration and vision. Lewy bodies in the mind stem can likewise cause troubles with development. Here and there individuals can have different conditions which may cause side effects like those of dementia. Melancholy can mean the person’s state of mind is irritable,â sad or miserable. They may be disturbed, eager, or tired with no vitality. They may lose intrigue or delight in exercises that they used to appreciate. At times misery can cause unsettling influences in rest, as early waking, alongside memory or fixation issues. It can make an individual eat excessively or excessively little, to have a throbbing painfulness with no physical reason, or t

Positive Experience of Failure Essays - Failure, Maintenance

Positive Experience of Failure Would failure be able to be a positive encounter? Disappointment is a negative outcome at the same time, it additionally has a positive encounter. Numerous individuals had numerous encounters which they were certain and negative until they became effective . We ought to gain from our disappointments, concede them and even grasp them. You won't learn in the event that you wear' t attempt to come up short. Disappointment experience can prompt three positive encounters. To begin with, f ailure causes you to get the hang of accomplishing your objectives. Thomas Edison said that he hadn't field in his hundred of endeavors to make the light. It's not generally negative experience when you neglect to get the outcomes you need yet, it's a chance to s tart again or attempt another technique. Disappointment will give you exercises you ought to figure out how to get your points. Second, f ailure gives you the most obvious opportunity to progress. In spite of the fact that my most seasoned sibling flopped in the last test in secondary school for one time, he didn't surrender. He concentrated hard and went to Saba college. Subsequent to graduating as the first in quite a while major, he has gotten a decent situation as a product designing in Dubai. There's continually something to gain from disappointment experience and numerous n ew openings are accessible to accomplish your fantasies. At long last, f ailure can be motivation to push you forward. At the point when you attempt to accomplish something and come up short, you will never be the individual you were you begun the way. You will build up your capacity and aptitudes however ,If you abstain from seeking after points and dreams on the grounds that the dread of disappointment you will never recognize what you can do. Disappointment can push you to another development level. Albeit numerous individuals feel that disappointment is a negative encounter that can make them baffled and this dissatisfaction will consistently stop them to be open for new understanding. It very well may be some of the time. Notwithstanding, in the event that you don't bomb you won't learn, know your capacity or drive yourself to new level. Numerous fruitful researchers had bombed commonly before they arrived at their objectives and demonstrated for us that disappointment helped them to an extreme. Truth be told, Fai bait can be motivation to progress, go ahead with new aptitudes and capacity and an opportunity to accomplish what you need. Nobody was brought into the world with information. We should contemplate the disappointment encounter and gain from it.

Essay on Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older People

Exposition on Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older People Exposition on Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older People Exposition on Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older PeopleRelations between individuals in any general public, in whenever period and nation are difficult, rather adaptable and refined procedure, shockingly not denied of various generalizations and sorts of segregation. In the year 1969 Robert Neil Butler utilized the term â€Å"ageism† in connection with oppression senior individuals. As indicated by him ageism introduced a blend of three constituent components: â€Å"prejudicial perspectives towards more established individuals, mature age, and the maturing procedure; unfair practices against more seasoned individuals; and institutional practices and arrangements that sustain generalizations about more established people† (Iversen, Larsen and Solem 4). Further in this paper the thought of ageism will be talked about in detail, mulling over its idea, ageist perspectives lastly conceivable pessimistic effects, it may have upon old people.In request to have more clear comprehension of the key idea, it is important to give a solid definition to the thought of ageism, therefore usually â€Å"ageism is characterized as adverse or constructive generalizations, preference and additionally victimization (or to the upside of) older individuals based on their ordered age or based on a view of them as being old or elderly† (Iversen, Larsen and Solem 20). Anyway there are cases, when this term is utilized according to more youthful youngsters or teenagers, which means, that their thoughts are not objective in light of their young age and their conduct isn't right, since they are too young.Such idea as ageist generalizing is normally portrayed as arrangement into certain gatherings and giving certain qualities to these gatherings of individuals. Shockingly most generalizations are deficient with regards to confirmations and are excessively summed up, as for instance the announcement, that all individuals, who are getting more seasoned, have unexpect ed frailty.  The preference, that more seasoned individuals can't partake in certain exercises or sports is firmly identified with the main model about awful wellbeing state. Another case of generalizing or ageist partialities is the so â€called kind bias, which implies, that old individuals are viewed as bumbling and continually requiring support. From one viewpoint, individuals attempt to be well disposed towards maturing individuals, then again, they a sort of stifle them, yet their steady, once in a while pointless help.Most representatives are searching for experienced laborers, not to show them all the idiosyncrasies of the work; simultaneously, a large portion of them need to have just youthful and lively workers and in this manner regularly dismiss new specialists, who are more established, just dependent on the preference, that they would play out their laborer increasingly slow less flexible.One of the most exceedingly awful partialities is likely identified with th e medicinal services circle, as there are tragically a great deal of models, when doctors don’t give appropriate consideration to their patients, just dependent on their age.This is clear, that ageism has genuine contrary impacts upon old individuals. Hearing all the previously mentioned generalizations consistently, from a great many people around, shockingly, more established individuals truly begin to feel themselves not skillful, not obviously thinking, depending, valuable individuals from the general public. â€Å"Studies have likewise explicitly indicated that when more seasoned and more youthful individuals hear these generalizations about their alleged inadequacy and futility, they perform more regrettable on proportions of ability and memory† (Nelson 13). Surely some solid characters can conquer those generalizations and live the way they, need to and do the things, they like to do, without giving a lot of consideration to others’ opinions.Overall, we h ave contemplated the idea of ageism, its definition, ageism-related generalizations and the adverse effect, which these generalizations and biases have upon old individuals in any general public.

Depression With Mixed Features Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Depression With Mixed Features Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Depression Types Print An Overview of Depressive Disorder With Mixed Features By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids martin-dm / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping View All Depressive disorder with mixed features (also referred to as mixed episode, mixed state, or agitated depression?? ) is a mood disorder in which a person has symptoms of both depression and mania or hypomania at the same time.??   When it was first introduced, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder with mixed features (MDD-MX) was met with skepticism?? and remains controversial?? among some researchers and clinicians.   However, in 2013, MDD-MX was included in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and has begun to gain acceptance. Symptoms Researchers have come to believe that mood disorders exist on a continuum from depression to mania;?? pure depression is thought to be much less common and some researchers consider it rare.?? In general, a person who has one of these conditions experiences symptoms across the spectrum but tends to lean more toward one end than the other.  ?? As they are trying to make a diagnosis, your doctor will ask you about where your symptoms typically fall on the spectrum. This will help them distinguish between depression and bipolar disorder. People who have depression with mixed features usually experience mostly depressive symptoms, but may have certain manic symptoms (such as racing thoughts) as well.?? To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, you must have experienced certain symptoms every day for at least the past two weeks or longer.   Classic features of depression include low mood and decreased interest or pleasure in activities you typically enjoy. However, to be diagnosed with depression, you must also have at least four of the following symptoms:?? Fatigue, loss of energy and motivationFeeling worthless, ashamed, or guiltyInability to fall asleep or sleeping too muchTroubling thinking, focusing, and concentratingLosing or gaining weight, eating more or less than usualPsychomotor agitation (pacing, restlessness) or retardation (sluggish thought or movement)Recurrent thoughts of death/dying, suicidal ideation or attempts If your doctor feels you meet the criteria for a diagnosis of depression, the next step will be to determine whether you are also experiencing symptoms of hypomania or mania, such as:?? Elevated moodInflated self-esteemDecreased need for sleepRacing thoughts or flight of ideasBeing talkative or chatty, pressured speechIncreased energy or goal-directed activityParticipation in activities that may feel good at the moment but can have potentially serious consequences (i.e., excessive alcohol use, risky sexual behaviors, impulsive spending, etc.) If you have experienced at least three symptoms of hypomania or mania almost every day for the past two weeks of your current depressive episode, your doctor will add the specifier with mixed features to your depression diagnosis.??   Understanding Mania and Hypomania Causes The specific causes of depression with mixed features are unclear and not well understood.?? As with other types of depression, researchers suspect there are a number of different factors that contribute to the development of the MDD-MX, including an individual’s family history, genetics, environment, and other health conditions.   While MDD-MX can be difficult to diagnose, research has suggested it’s fairly common:?? As many as 25% of people with unipolar depression may have mixed episodes. Since the condition can easily be misdiagnosed as bipolar disorder, the number of people who have depression with mixed features may, in fact, be much higher.??   In the past, differentiating between depression with mixed episodes and bipolar disorder was much more challenging for clinicians.?? Recent updates to diagnostic guidelines that consider the subtleties of each condition have been helpful.?? Continued research into the factors that contribute to depression, such as environmental exposure and genetics, are also giving researchers a better understanding. Why Some People Are More Prone to Depression Diagnosis It can be very challenging to diagnose depression with mixed features. For a long time, mental health professionals were taught that the presence of manic symptoms meant a person had bipolar, rather than unipolar, depression.   While mania or hypomania is still part of the fundamental diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder, it is now also understood that people with depression may also experience these symptomsâ€"albeit to a lesser degree.??   The classic signs and symptoms of major depression may be relatively easy to spot, but subtle episodes of mania or hypomania may go undetectedâ€"both by the person with the condition and the doctors treating them.?? How to Tell If Youve Had a Manic Episode A person with symptoms of hypomania or mania and depression may initially be misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. While the conditions may look (and at times feel) the same, there are some important distinctionsâ€"especially when it comes to treatment. A correct diagnosis is necessary to ensure someone with either condition is able to access the most effective type of treatment.   Obvious similarities between mixed episodes of depression and bipolar disorder, such as shared symptoms, might be clear to doctors and researchers but these conditions may also share risk factors (like a family history of mental illness).   Doctors must carefully consider all the information as they are formulating a diagnosis, as only looking at symptoms can be misleading.?? The consequences of being diagnosed with the wrong mood disorder can have a major impact on someone’s life.??   According to the DSM-5, the with mixed features specifier can be added to a diagnosis of major depressive disorder to indicate that a person has symptoms of both depression and mania but doesn’t quite meet the diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Research has indicated that compared to those with depression, people who experience mixed episodes are more likely to misuse substances?? and are at an increased risk for suicide?? â€"yet another reason why getting a correct diagnosis is important.   Treatment After being diagnosed with depressive disorder with mixed features, your doctor or psychiatrist will discuss treatment options with you. The first option may be therapy, medication, or both. Though there are similarities between depression with mixed features and bipolar disorder, the two conditions can differ quite a bit in how they respond to treatmentâ€"especially medications.?? It’s important to know that this form of depression may not respond wellâ€"or at allâ€"to treatment with antidepressant medications alone.?? It’s also important to know that a diagnosis of depressive disorder with mixed features in and of itself is a significant risk factor for eventually developing bipolar disorder.?? When you and your doctor are creating a treatment plan, you will need to consider this risk.   To help with manic symptoms, your doctor may also prescribe an atypical antipsychotic such as:   Saphris (asenapine)Latuda (lurasidone)Zyprexa (olanzapine)Seroquel (quetiapine)Geodon (ziprasidone) You may also be given a mood stabilizer like lithium or Depakote (divalproex) instead of, or in addition to, an antidepressant. Small studies in people with depression and mixed episodes have demonstrated that these medications may be helpful when given in doses lower than would be used for bipolar disorder.??   Some people who have depression with mixed features have trouble sleeping or feel especially agitated during periods of mania/hypomania. Your doctor may prescribe  sedatives to help with these symptoms, such as: Valium (diazepam)Xanax (alprazolam)Ativan (lorazepam)Klonopin (clonazepam) Even if you are taking more than one medication, it may not be enough to effectively help manage symptoms of depression with mixed features.?? You may need to implement other types of treatment as well, such as psychotherapy or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Coping For people who have MDD-MX, both the process of getting diagnosed and the demands of managing symptoms can become frustrating and overwhelming. If you have recently been diagnosed or are working with a doctor or mental health professional because you suspect you may have depressive disorder with mixed features, it’s important that you have the support you need.??   Begin to build your network of support with those around you at home, such as family members and friends, then reach out to your community (such as a church group or volunteer organization).   You may want to find specific support groups (in-person, online, or both) for people with depression, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders.   If you’re not sure where to start, ask your doctor, psychiatrist, or therapist if they can point you toward local resources. You can also use the internet to search for social networks, forums, and patient advocacy networks. The Best Online Resources for Depression A Word From Verywell If you have depression with mixed features, you may share some experiences with someone who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. However, the conditions have some key differences that both you and your mental health care team need to be aware ofâ€"especially when deciding on treatment.  ?? The process can be frustrating, particularly if you are initially misdiagnosed with another mood disorder and not given a treatment that works well for you. That’s why it’s important to do your best to create and maintain a network of support around you.   Can Depression Turn Into Bipolar Disorder?

Evolution of Blond Hair - Free Essay Example

Blond Hair Blond hair color is more frequent in Europe than in any other part of the world. The estimated date of the genetic mutation that resulted in â€Å"blond† hair color was about 11,000 years ago during the last ice age. A typical explanation for the evolution of blond hair was the people of Northern Europe’s vitamin D absorption and synthesis. As Europeans were subjected to a seasonal deficiency of sunlight, which is required for vitamin D synthesis, they developed an adaptation for lighter skin. Light skin, which has a lower concentration of melanin pigmentation, allowed more sunlight to trigger the production of vitamin D. This light skin adaptation is thought to have caused the emergence of blond hair. Another valid hypothesis for the phenomenon was that blond hair evolved rapidly at a specific area at the end of the last ice age via sexual selection. The theory presents the possibility that the phenotypes of blond hair and blue eyes in some European women stood out from their adversaries in a time of competition for scarce males. According to the theory, this process of â€Å"sexual selection† spread to parts of Northern Europe, resulting in the modern predominance of light colored hair in those areas. Both the light skin adaptation and sexual selection hypotheses appear to be valid, but there is still debate over which one is actually responsible for the evolution of blond hair. All info. used in writing this paper originated from the Blond Hair article on Wikipedia.